 |
1-3-Results
and Discussion
|
3.1-Insects previously recorded
from the literature
3.2-Species recorded from Wadi
Rum
3.3-Annotated
checklist of the species collected in the current study
3.4-Light Trap Collection
3.5-Habitat
Richness
3.6-Threats
3.7-Conclusion
3.3-Annotated
checklist of the species collected in the current study
The
following species were recorded in the Wadi Rum protected area and are
arranged according to their taxonomic groups. The
number of specimens recorded is given in parentheses after the name of
location and the date of the survey. The
distribution in the study area, in Jordan and in the world is also given. Any
relevant biological or ecological data are given either from field notes or
from literature. Species that have the widest distribution in the protected
area were interpreted to GIS maps.
Class
Arachnida
Order
Scorpiones
**Family
Buthidae
*Subfamily Buthinae
Buthus
occitanus (Amoreux,
1789)
Materials
examined:
2 specimens.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO
OF SPECIMENS
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
11/3/2000
|
Wadi
Sebakh
|
1
|
Preliminary Survey
|
|
Record 2
|
11/5/2000
|
Wadi Marsad
|
1
|
Grid 79
|
Distribution:
From southern France, Spain and Portugal, Sicily, Malta, Cyprus, north Africa
to the
Sahara, from Senegal to Somalia and Ethiopia (Levey and Amitai, 1980).
Remarks:
It lives in sandy soils, sand dunes and stony desert. It lives under stones in
empty burrows of Isopoda and others. It is preyed upon by Latrodectus
spiders (Levey and Amitai, 1980).
Compsobuthus
werneri werneri (Birula,
1908)
Materials
examined:
1 specimen.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO
OF SPECIMENS
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
8/3/200
|
Wadi
Rum
|
1
|
Preliminary Survey
|
Distribution:
Northern Africa. South Arabia, Palestine and Sinai. (Levey and Amitai, 1980).
Amr and Oran 1994 reported that it was collected from Petra, Wadi Al Hasa,
Shaumari, Wadi Shu’ayb and Amman. It is recording for the first time in Wadi
Rum.
Remarks:
It does not sting readily. It preys on small arthropods (Levey and Amitai,
1980).
Orthochirus scrobiculosus
negebensis (Shulov and
Amitai, 1960)
Materials
examined:
2 Specimens.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO
OF SPECIMENS
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
30/3/2000
|
Behind police
station
|
1
|
Grid 5
|
|
Record 2
|
10/4/2000
|
Mahraj
|
1
|
Grid 103
|
Distribution:
Jordan, Palestine and
Sinai.
Remarks:
A common species that lives under stones found on sandy soil or stony desert.
It does not sting readily. Its sting is painful but has no aftereffects (Levey
and Amitai, 1980)
Buthacus
leptochelys leptochelys
(Hemprich and Ehremberg, 1829)
Materials
examined:
6 specimens.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO
OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
9/4/2000
|
Khor el.Ajram
|
1
|
PT.
Anabasis station
|
|
Record 2
|
7/3/2000
|
Researcher’s house
|
1
|
Preliminary survey
|
|
Record 3
|
11/5/2000
|
Wadi Marsad
|
1
|
Grid 79
|
|
Record 4
|
9/4/2000
|
Um Ishrin
|
1
|
PT .Hammada station
|
|
Record 5
|
24/3/2000
|
Um Sabatah
|
1
|
Grid 135
|
|
Record 6
|
9/4/2000
|
Khashkhash
|
1
|
PT. Urginea station
|
*SPEC
= Specimens
Distribution:
Africa: Lower Egypt, southern Lybia, Chad, Niger, southern Algeria, southern
Morocco, Asia: Iraq, Iran, Palestine (Levey and Amitai, 1980). From Jordan, it
was recorded from (Al Jafr). It was recorded from Wadi Rum for the first time.
Remarks:
This species occurs on brown-red sandy soils and in sand dunes. It is a
predator of small insects (Levey and Amitai, 1980).
Androctonus
bicolor bicolor Hemprich
and Ehremberg, 1829
Materials
examined:
2 specimens.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO
OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
9/5/2000
|
Um Mugur
|
1
|
Grid 151
|
|
Record 2
|
27/3/2000
|
Wadi Marsad
|
1
|
Grid 1
|
Distribution:
Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Sinai.
Remarks:
It
is found in sand dunes and other types of soil. It lives under large stones,
in rodent burrows and small caves. It is agile and stings rapidly. It preys
on small, soft-bodied arthropods (Levey and Amitai, 1980).
Androctonus
amoreuxi hebraeus
(Werner, 1935)
Materials
examined:
3 specimens
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO
OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
25/4/2000
|
Wadi
Khashkhash
|
1
|
Grid 125
|
|
Record 2
|
5/5/2000
|
Um Ishrin
|
1
|
PT. Hammada station
|
|
Record 3
|
13/5/2000
|
Khor Rum
|
1
|
Grid 46
|
Distribution:
Palestine and Sinai.
Remarks:
It
occurs in sand dunes, brown-red sandy soils and sandy soils. It moves slowly
(Levey and Amitai, 1980).
**Family Scorpionidae
*Subfamily Scorpioninae
Scorpio
maurus palmatus
(Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1829)
Materials
examined:
4 specimens
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO
OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
11/3/2000
|
Al
Sebakh
|
1
|
Preliminary survey
|
|
Record 2
|
11/4/2000
|
Jebal Al Qattar
|
1
|
Mountain Sweeping
|
|
Record 3
|
9/4/2000
|
Um Ishrin
|
1
|
PT. Hammada station
|
|
Record 4
|
15/4/2000
|
Um Ishrin
|
1
|
PT. Hammada station
|
Distribution:
Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Sinai (As Salt and Wadi Deba’) (Levey
and Amitai, 1980).
Remarks:
It
occurs in brown-red sandy soils, loess and alluvial soils and stony desert. It
lives in burrows 20-70 deep. It does ot sting readily. The sting is not very
painful (Levey and Amitai, 1980).
**Family
Deplocentridae
Nebo
hieichonticus (Simon 1872)
Material
examined: 1
specimen. Wadi Rum. Specific date and location not known.
Distribution:
Jordan (Amman and Petra), Palestine, Egypt and Arabia.
Remarks:
This
is the largest scorpion in Jordan. It digs burrows that are parallel or
slightly oblique to the surface to a depth of 20 to 40 cm. The sting is mildly
painful, produces local haemorrhage and slight necrosis (Levey and Amitai,
1980).
Order Acari (Mites Ticks)
One
unidentified mite was collected in large numbers from Urginea plants. And one unidentified species of tick was collected from sand in
several parts of the study area.
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Thysanura (Silverfish)
**Family Lepismatidae
Thermobia domestica (Packard)
Found
under stones in several locations in the reserve. Feeds on organic matter at
the soil surface. Usually found in houses in boiler rooms and near furnaces.
Order Odonata
(Dragonflies and Damselflies)
**Family
Libellulidae
Orthetrum chrysostigma (Burmeister
1839)
Remarks: This species of dragonflies was seen in Wadi As
Sebakh. It is one of the most common species in most parts of Jordan. Dumont
(1991) mentioned that it occurs in Africa including the Sahara, Arabia, Levant,
Iran, Anatolia, Iraq and Afghanistan. The larva is adapted to arid conditions
and can aestivate (pass the severe summer time) in damp soil. If water sources
dry up in the reserve this and the next species may become extinct in the
reserve. However, since they are strong migrants, they can establish themselves
again. Immature dragonflies live in water and prey on other arthropods in
water. Adult dragonflies spend most of the time flying near water and prey on
other smaller insects such as mosquitoes, and therefore they are important in
keeping the natural balance in the ecosystems.
Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister
1839)
Remarks: This dragonfly was seen near pools close to the
study area and was expected to occur, especially in Wadi As Sebakh and near
small dams constructed by the Bedouins to provide water for their animals. It
occurs in Africa, Arabia, Iran, Iraq and the Levant (Dumont 1991).
Order
Orthoptera (Grasshoppers, Locusts and Crickets)
**Family
Acrididae
Heteracris littoralis
similes
(Brunner-Wattenwyl, 1861)
Materials
examined: 1
specimen.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
8/3/2000
|
Al Barrah –Western
|
1
|
Preliminary survey
|
Distribution: Pakistan, Central Asia,
Jordan, Palestine, Cyprus, North Africa (Fishelson 1985).
**Family Pyrgomorphinae
Poekilocerus bufonius
bufonius (Klug 1832)
Materials
examined:
31 specimens. See map (7A).
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
27/4/2000
|
Al
Sebakh
|
3
|
Grid 84
|
|
Record 2
|
11/3/2000
|
Al
Sebakh
|
1
|
Grid 84
|
|
Record 3
|
30/3/2000
|
Khor
Rum
|
4
|
Grid 5
|
|
Record 4
|
14/4/2000
|
Near
Jebal Sa’efan
|
1
|
Grid 46
|
|
Record 5
|
30/3/2000
|
Khor
Rum
|
9
|
Grid 13
|
|
Record 6
|
12/4/2000
|
Marsad
|
3
|
Grid 53
|
|
Record 7
|
14/4/2000
|
Wadi
Ellyhat
|
1
|
Grid 34
|
|
Record 8
|
26/4/2000
|
Marsad
|
1
|
Grid 80
|
|
Record 9
|
13/5/2000
|
Rum Village
|
1
|
Grid 72
|
|
Record 10
|
30/3/2000
|
Khor
Rum
|
1
|
Grid 5
|
|
Record 11
|
12/3/2000
|
Ramman
- Marsad
|
1
|
Preliminary survey grid 18
|
|
Record 12
|
27/3/2000
|
Marsad
|
2
|
Grid 16
|
|
Record 13
|
26/4/2000
|
Wadi
Ramman
|
1
|
Grid 57
|
|
Record 14
|
13/4/2000
|
Wadi ramman
|
1
|
Grid 55
|
|
Record 15
|
14/4/2000
|
Wadi
Ellyhat
|
1
|
Grid 34
|
|
Record 16
|
13/4/2000
|
Wadi ramman
|
1
|
Grid 55
|
Distribution: Egypt, Sinai, Jordan, Palestine.
Remarks: It was recorded from the south-eastern part of
the Dead sea and Petra (Popov and Kevan, 1979). Feeds nearly exclusively on
Asclepiaceae, usually on Calotropis procera and Demia tomentosa
(Fishelson 1985).
*Subfamily Oedipodinae
Sphingonotus rubescens
Walker 1870 (Blue Shinned Grasshopper)
Materials
examined: 1
specimen.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
16/5/2000
|
Wadi Ramman
|
1
|
Grid 82
|
Distribution: North Africa Asia.
Remarks:
Inhabits stony hammadas and mountains, Strong flier, attracted to light. (Fishelson 1985).
Hyalorrhipis calcarata (Vosseler, 1902)
Material examined : 1 specimen.
Distribution:
North Africa, Palestine, and Jordan. Recorded from Dana Reserve (Massa and
Fontana, 1998).
Remarks: Occurs on sand dunes. Its
color is similar to sand and it is therefor hard to see if not moving. It digs
in sand when feels danger.
**Family Stenopelmatidae
Lezina sp.
Material examined: 2 specimens.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
17/5/2000
|
Marsad
|
1
|
PT. Anabasis station
|
|
Record 2
|
9/4/2000
|
Marsad
|
1
|
PT. Anabasis station
|
Remarks: Prof. Wolfgang Weitzbauer collected 2 specimens
a year ago. One similar specimen was collected from As-Salt. This was the first
record for this genus in Jordan. Species identification was not possible with
the available literature.
**Family
Gryllidae
Gryllodes hebraeus
Several
specimens were collected from different locations in the reserve.
Order Mantodea
(Praying Mantis)
**Family Eremiaphilidae
Eremiaphila
brunneri
Remarks: This mantid runs very fast on the ground and
preys on ants and other small insects. Its colour is very similar to the
background and extremely hard to see unless it moves.
Order Blattaria (Cockroaches)
**Family Polyphagidae
Polyphaga aegyptiaca
Material
examined: 5
specimens
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
15/4/2000
|
Khor
el. Ajram
|
1
|
PT. Anabasis station
|
|
Record 2
|
23/4/2000
|
Wadi Khashkhash
|
1
|
PT. Urginea station
|
|
Record 3
|
12/5/2000
|
Wadi Ramman
|
1
|
Grid 9
|
|
Record 4
|
16/5/2000
|
Khor Rum
|
1
|
Grid 19
|
|
Record 5
|
12/5/2000
|
Wadi Al Sebakh
|
1
|
While Light Trap
|
Remarks:
This is not a pest but lives outside houses.
**Family Blattidae
Periplaneta americana Linnaeus
(American Cockroach)
Material
examined: 1
specimen.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
24/3/2000
|
Rum
Village
|
1
|
From Researcher’s house
|
Distribution:
Widespread
in many parts of the world.
Remarks:
Many more specimens were observed in houses. This is a pest in houses and its
numbers become higher and more active in hot weather.
**Family
Blatellidae
Blatella germanica Linnaeus
(German Cockroach)
Material
examined: 1
specimen.
|
RECORDS
|
DATE
|
LOCATION
|
NO OF SPEC
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Record 1
|
13/4/2000
|
Rum Village
|
1
|
Researcher’s house
|
Distribution:
Widespread in many
parts of the world.
Remarks:
Many more specimens were observed in houses. This is a pest in houses and
number become higher and more active in hot weather.
